The efficacy and toxicity of treatment with carboplatin (AUC=5)+docetaxel (70 mg/m²) were analyzed retrospectively in 27 elderly patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) aged 70 years or more. The median age of the patients was 74 years (range, 70-83 years). The performance status (ECOG), clinical stage, and tumor histology in the patients were as follows: PS: PS 0, 12 patients; PS 1, 11 patients; PS 2, 4 patients; disease stage: stage IIIA, 5 patients; stage IIIB, 11 patients; stage IV, 11 patients; tumor histology: adenocarcinoma, 18 patients; squamous cell carcinoma, 9 patients. The median number of treatment cycles administered was 4. The median survival time was 11.1 months and the 1-year survival rate was 40.7%. The response rate was 33.3%. The major toxicities were leukopenia and neutropenia; grade 3/4 neutropenia occurred in 22 patients (81.5%). Nonhematologic toxicities were generally mild, including grade 3 anorexia in 13 patients (48.1%) and grade 3 febrile neutropenia in 9 patients (33.3%). No treatment-related deaths were observed. Thus, it was concluded that the combination of carboplatin+docetaxel is a feasible, well-tolerated, and effective regimen for fit elderly patients with NSCLC. Prospective studies comparing carboplatin+docetaxel with third-generation single-agent chemotherapy or non-platinum-based combination chemotherapy are needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of this drug combination.