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The Journal of the Japanese Society for Clinical Microbiology |
Biblioraphy Information
| ArticleTitle |
Typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever |
| Language |
J |
| AuthorList |
Hiroshi Watanabe |
| Affiliation |
Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Kurume University School of Medicine |
| Publication |
J.J.C.M.: 29 (3), 135-139, 2019 |
| Received |
April 19, 2019 |
| Accepted |
|
| Abstract |
Typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever are orally transmitted systemic infections caused by Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Paratyphi A, respectively. Annual report indicate that 30 to 60 cases of typhoid fever and 20 to 30 cases of paratyphoid fever occur and most of them are imported from developing countries. Food poisoning on a restaurant in Tokyo, 2014 and imported dead case from South Asia, 2019 has already been reported. The clinical symptom of typhoid fever is almost similar to that of paratyphoid fever. However, the symptom of typhoid fever tend to be mild compared to paratyphoid fever. Incubation period is commonly one to 3 weeks. Comparative bradycardia, rose spot and splenomegaly are known as predominant symptoms, but main symptom is high fever due to bacteremia. Intestinal haemorrhage and perforation rarely occur as complication. In recent years, fluoroquinolone-resistant strains are increasing and ceftriaxone or azithromycin are frequently administered. Typhoid vaccine is not approved in Japan, yet. However, travel clinics prepared with imported vaccine in Japan have gradually increased, and typhoid vaccine is initiatively recommended to travelers to endemic area. |
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