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The Journal of the Japanese Society for Clinical Microbiology |
Biblioraphy Information
| ArticleTitle |
Up-to-date of clinical microbiology of tuberculosis |
| Language |
J |
| AuthorList |
Naoki Hasegawa |
| Affiliation |
Department of Infectious Diseases, Keio University School of Medicine |
| Publication |
J.J.C.M.: 30 (2), 55-63, 2020 |
| Received |
February 3, 2020 |
| Accepted |
|
| Abstract |
Tuberculosis is the most prevalent world infectious diseases, emergence of annual 9.0-11.1 million newly developed active cases and 1.1-1.3 million deaths. While its detail pathophysiological disease mechanisms remain to be elucidated, recent rapid advances of technology including nuclear acid amplification, and genome analysis have made a series of innovative progress in the field of clinical microbiology such as detection of tuberculosis bacilli, detail trace analysis of transmission, antimycobacterial resistance and proper evaluation of disease status. Automated analysis of nuclear acid amplification procedure and detection enable to diagnose active tuberculosis in approximately only an hour with higher detection sensitivity compared to microscopic smear examination using concentrated method, which could eliminate smear examination in the future. even taking cost-benefit analysis into consideration. Sensitivity against major anti-tuberculosis medicine using clinical specimen could be evaluated in short time while the significance of phenotypic sensitivity examination. The significance of cellular immune system mediated by CD8 positive T lymphocyte or humoral immune system mediated by immunoglobulin in terms of controlling disease progression from latent infection to active diseases has recently started to gather much attention. In addition, recent progress in the RNAseq technique is expected to be able to effectively find subclinical patients with latent tuberculosis infection under developing active tuberculosis, being to be treated. Potential availability of noninvasively obtained sample such as breathe, saliva, and urine to diagnosis active tuberculous diseases is under development. Together with these recent advances of microbiological examinations would dramatically change clinical practice in the management of tuberculosis near future. |
| Keywords |
Tuberculosis, IGRA |
|
