Japanese Society for Infection Prevention and Control-Online Journal

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Preventive Measures to Reduce Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections in Medical Treatment Environment of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Systematic Scoping Reviews

Tomomi MITSUNOBU¹⁾³⁾ and Hanako MISAO²⁾
¹⁾Doctoral student, Graduate School of Nursing, University of Shizuoka, ²⁾Graduate School of Nursing, University of Shizuoka, ³⁾Department of Nursing, Shizuoka Children's Hospital

It has been reported that the improved compliance with standard precautions and hand hygiene reduced the incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). However, the inhospital transmission of MRSA has not been completely prevented. This study aimed to identify issues that need to be considered in the future, which was a systematic scoping review of preventive measures of MRSA infections in the medical treatment environment in NICU. Using the Japanese (Igakuchuozasshi) and English (Pubmed) database, we searched for articles published between January 1, 1950, and October 31, 2019. The inclusion criteria of the articles were as follows: reporting the incidence rate of MRSA in the NICU and describing measures for medical treatment environment. Ultimately, 22 articles were selected. The measures for the medical treatment environment were implemented primarily to reduce the inhospital transmission of MRSA and to control outbreaks. These measures were classified into the following three categories: environmental hygiene management, allocations of infants and staffs, and hospital equipment. Among the 22 articles, some demonstrated that changes in cleaning procedures or facility renovation resulted in the reduction of MRSA colonization and/or infection rates. Other studies reported that bed placement, isolation of colonized/infected infants, and workflow of nurses in charge of colonized infants increased the risk of MRSA transmission. The boundaries of the patient's area may elucidate the workflow line of the healthcare personnel and timing of hand hygiene and medical/care equipment sanitation. The effectiveness of infection prevention measures, such as clear boundaries between patient areas and/or distances between the patients' beds, have not yet been elucidated.

Key words：NICU, MRSA, infection prevention measures, medical treatment environment

e-mail: y21502＠u-shizuoka-ken.ac.jp

Received: August 20, 2021
Accepted: October 22, 2021

37 (1)：18─24,2022