The Japanese journal of neuropsychology

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ArticleTitle	Mechanism of using tools and significance in everyday life
Language	J
AuthorList	Masaki Kondo
Affiliation	Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto Prefecture Rehabilitation Support Center
Publication	Japanese Journal of Neuropsychology: 39 (2), 90-97, 2023
Received
Accepted
Abstract	Since Liepmann advocated the action control stream at the beginning of the Twentieth Century, many researchers have proposed their own action control schemata. Schemata concerned with using tools have recently been highlighted, such as the "Two Action Systems Plus" proposed by Buxbaum et al. and the "Three Action-System model" proposed by Osiurak et al. Pantomime actions of using tools are performed without actually touching tools or tool-related objects. Errors in using tools on performing pantomime actions can be detected more sensitively than using the actual tools themselves, and such pantomime actions have been adopted as screening tests to identify tool-use disorders. Research on rehabilitation methods for apraxia supported by high levels of evidence has been scarcely reported, and multi-system schemata concerned with using tools may provide information on rehabilitation methods.
Keywords	tool use, apraxia, pantomime, action system