The Japanese journal of neuropsychology

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ArticleTitle	Behavioral conditions in neurodegenerative diseases
Language	J
AuthorList	Michitaka Funayama
Affiliation	Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ashikaga Red Cross Hospital
Publication	Japanese Journal of Neuropsychology: 39 (4), 261-270, 2023
Received
Accepted
Abstract	Prominent behavioral conditions in neurodegenerative diseases that frequently occur compared to acquired brain injuries such as stroke or traumatic brain injury include abnormal behaviors like stereotypical behaviors, pica, mirror phenomenon, wandering, shadowing behavior, and inconsiderate departure behavior in which patients leave a clinic or conversation without regard for the feelings of others. These behavioral conditions are considered to arise from a decline in multiple cognitive functions and a general deterioration of an overall system, rather than being primarily associated with a specific cognitive function, as seen in acquired brain injuries. Concerning the neuroanatomical basis, it is believed that these disorders result from the atrophy of broader brain regions rather than specific localized damage associated with acquired brain injuries. While behavioral conditions such as stereotypical behaviors are commonly linked to frontal lobe functions in neurodegenerative diseases, such as stereotypical behaviors, they often manifest not only as frontal lobe symptoms but also involve functional decline in other areas such as the temporal lobe and striatum. Pica is more closely related to the temporal lobe, while phenomena like mirroring, wandering, and shadowing behaviors have a close association with posterior brain regions such as the parietal and temporal lobes.
Keywords	inconsiderate departure behavior, stereotypical behavior, pica, mirror phenomenon, shadowing behavior, wandering