The Japanese journal of neuropsychology

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ArticleTitle	Aphasia and paragraphia of kana letters following infarction in the posterior middle and inferior frontal gyri
Language	J
AuthorList	Rie Seki¹⁾, Sumio Ishiai²⁾, Yasumasa Koyama²⁾, Sizuko Sato³⁾, Keiko Seki⁴⁾
Affiliation	¹⁾Department of Speech Therapy, Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital ²⁾Department of Rehabilitation, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience ³⁾Department of Neurology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University ⁴⁾Faculty of Health Science, Kobe University School of Medicine
Publication	Japanese Journal of Neuropsychology: 16 (2), 127-134, 2000
Received	Jul 15, 1999
Accepted	Jan 5, 2000
Abstract	Three patients with an infarction in the posterior part of the middle and inferior frontal gyri continued to show paragraphia of kana letters after improvement of aphasia. Their paragraphic errors were characterized by substitution, error for contracted sound or voiced consonant, omission, addition, repetition, and displacement. Our cases and review of the patients with the posterior frontal lesion indicate that damage to the posterior middle and inferior frontal gyri in the language-dominant hemisphere may frequently cause paragraphia of kana letters. We consider that the posterior middle and inferior frontal gyri may take part to select and arrange kana letters according to internal representation of words or sentences. Alternatively, this frontal region may be accessed in such process of kana writing.
Keywords	frontal lobe, Exner's writing center, kana letters, paragraphia, aphasia