The Japanese journal of neuropsychology

Full Text of this Article
in Japanese PDF (342K)

ArticleTitle	Examination and consideration of limb apraxia
Language	J
AuthorList	Masaki Kondo
Affiliation	Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
Publication	Japanese Journal of Neuropsychology: 32 (3), 216-223, 2016
Received
Accepted
Abstract	Liepmann was a pioneer in the study of apraxia, and he designed the first schema for apraxia. The style of his schema was a series route, which transmitted information from the posterior part of the cerebrum to its anterior. Geschwind and Heilman individually designed their schemata for apraxia, which were series route models modified from Liepmann's schema. However, Roy and Square reported a new style of schema, which separated conceptual and production systems, and Hodges and Buxbaum also individually designed schemata consisting of dorsal and ventral routes. The dorsal route represents how to use a tool ('how' system) and the ventral route represents what a tool is ('what' system). In addition, ideomotor apraxia (IMA) is diagnosed based on errors related to spatial/temporal processes or the production of actions in tests, while ideational apraxia (IA) is diagnosed based on errors related to the content or conception of actions. The IMA system may correspond to the 'how' system, while the IA system might do so with the 'what' system. Therefore, I considered that the schema for apraxia should not be based on series route models derived from Liepmann but a parallel route model consisting of IMA and IA systems; the IMA system is related to control, construction of action, and imitation of action, while the IA system is related to the induction and usage of action content from a tool.
Keywords	limb apraxia, Liepmann, IA system, IMA system