The Japanese journal of neuropsychology

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ArticleTitle	The cued recall and recognition tasks supplemented to Mini Mental State Examination: Cognitive factors affecting to the task scores
Language	J
AuthorList	Naoaki Ito¹⁾²⁾, Tomoko Honda³⁾, Takuya Sato²⁾, Atsushi Sato²⁾, Toru Imamura¹⁾⁴⁾
Affiliation	¹⁾Division of Speech, Hearing and Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare ²⁾Division of Speech Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation, Niigata Rehabilitation Hospital ³⁾Division of Rehabilitation, Kaetsu Hospital ⁴⁾Department of Neurology, Niigata Rehabilitation Hospital
Publication	Japanese Journal of Neuropsychology: 25 (3), 203-210, 2009
Received	Jun 30, 2008
Accepted	Nov 17, 2008
Abstract	Background: In the previous studies, we examined a modified version of the three-word recall task in the Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE). The combined score of free recall, cued recall and recognition tasks of the three words was significantly correlated with both the score of a word-list recall task and the rating of memory impairment in activity of daily living in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Objective: To assess the factors affecting the results in the cued recall and the recognition tasks in AD. Methods: A total of 126 AD patients performed the free recall task of the MMSE, the cued recall task for the words which were not recollected in the free recall task of MMSE, and the recognition task for the words which were not recollected in the cued recall task. We included 101 patients in the free recall zero (FR 0) group because they recollected no word in the free recall task and 61 patients in the cued recall zero (CR 0) group because they recollected no word in the cued recall task. We examined the relation between the score of the cued recall task and other factors in the FR 0 group, and the relation between the score of the recognition task and other factors in the CR 0 group. Analyses of covariance were used to control for the severities of overall cognitive disturbance and recent memory dysfunction. Results: In the FR 0 group, the number of the recollected words in the cued recall task was significantly associated with the scores of the Ideational Praxis and the Orientation tasks in the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS). In the CR 0 group, the number of the identified words in the recognition task was significantly associated with the score of the Word Recall task in ADAS. Conclusion: The relation between the scores of the recognition and the Word Recall task confirmed the effect of recent memory impairment on both tasks. The relation between the scores of the cued recall and the Ideational Praxis task may stem from executive dysfunction. That is, ineffective strategies may degrade the scores of both tasks. On the other hand, confabulation may underlie the relation between the scores of the cued recall and the Orientation task.
Keywords	Alzheimer's disease (AD), cued recall, recent memory deficits, executive dysfunction, dysfunction of orientation